BHP TT’s offshore facility in the Angostura Field – Block 2 (c). Photo courtesy BHP

“Trinidad is a great place to do business. We’ve been quite successful here so that’s always good. And I think the environment itself is good because clearly it has a century-long established industry,”

A prominent leader who served a two-year stint as president of the Energy Chamber,
soft-voiced BHP President, Trinidadian Vincent Pereira spoke in his Mucurapo office, overlooking the Gulf of Paria. BHP reinvigorated the prospects for its deepwater potential,winning the rights for all the deepwater blocks in TT_s first deepwater bid round in 2013/2014.

BHP is the majority operator of the deepwater blocks, alone and with partners BPTT and Shell. Government has a stake in production sharing contracts with Petrotrin alias Trinidad Petroleum Holding Co Ltd and the National Gas Company.

Headquartered in Melbourne, Australia, BHP Billiton’s success in TT is legendary. In 1999, just three years after getting its first licence to drill, the world’s biggest mining company struck oil in the Angostura field, off the east coast – the first major oil find in TT for 30 years, with estimates close to 160 million barrels of oil and up to 1.75 trillion cubic feet of natural gas.

“The harder we work the luckier we get. It’s one of those things,” Pereira, a Trinidadian, said, laughing. “We’re an oil and gas company all over the world, certainly in the deepwater. We came here with a bias towards oil but the first thing we want to do in the deepwater, wherever we’re looking, is find hydrocarbons. When we find hydrocarbons, it could be oil or gas and then we’ll figure out what to do and to be quite honest in block 2 in Angostura what we found first was gas. We kept looking and then found oil so we started off then as an oil company with a longer-term plan that we are going to transition to gas,” he said.

Oil is a different type of commodity than gas, he added, and easier to trade than gas, which tends to be market-oriented. The company can do both, he said, and he acknowledged that gas has become more global, especially because of advances in liquefied natural gas, but, “We like oil so we look forward to finding more oil.”

Exploration with energy partners

BHP also famously reinvigorated the prospects for TT’s deepwater potential, when in 2013/2014, the company won the rights for all the deepwater blocks that went up for option in TT’s first deepwater bid round.

“We’ve been interested in deepwter in TT for a very long time but not something we could figure out commercially. It was prospective, an area that needed to be explored but the above ground things were a little harder,” Pereira said.

That all changed in that 2012, when the Government introduced an incentive scheme that made it more viable for the company to invest, providing a better business outlook that made the risk worthwhile. “We could actually see our way forward at that point where we could generate a return that was commensurate with the risk we were about to take, so we went after it, and we went after it relatively aggressively because we felt pretty good about it.”

BHP is the majority operator of the deepwater blocks, some it operates on its own, and others with partners BPTT and Shell. The government also has a stake, through production sharing contracts with either Petrotrin (now Trinidad Petroleum Holding Co Ltd) or the National Gas Company.

“A good friend of mine once told me if you want go fast you go by yourself. If you want to go far, you go together and we have really good partners in deepwater, and you’re really seeing the synergies of that at work. That’s allowing us to explore the way we are. And some of that is reflected in the results so far. We’ve drilled five wells and discovered hydrocarbons in three. That’s quite an outstanding ratio for frontier deep water exploration. I’m quite proud about that. We still have a long way to go. This is not a short game by any means and we still have to drill more wells to understand the area.” 

For deepwater to work from a commercial perspective,  it has to be a very large resource. “The costs are extremely high to develop so you have to find a significant amount to develop. We went into this knowing it was tier one ­– large and expandable and we are very encouraged by what we’ve seen so far and certainly encouraged to keep looking.”

Thus far, the company is in its exploration phase, but  this was all part of the usual timeline. “If you are fortunate to find hydrocarbons there tends to be five to seven years before you have production. It’s a long wavelength that unfolds over many years and requires significant development.”

Last year, the company announced finds in its Le Clerc and Victoria fields, both in the southern acreage  within the same area,  as the company was trying to understand the basin more. Le Clerc was first, then a second well that was unsuccessful, then Victoria. Bongos is in the northern acreage.

“There’s still a few steps ahead. We have to drill a few more wells in that area to understand it better and the extent of the resource. Once you know that, you can start to understand it better. In this industry, you tend to invest a significant amount of money before you get even one dollar of return. That’s an important consideration.” 

He elaborated on the company’s plans for the near term.The investment in TT would be “huge.”

Investment 

“We have three big things exciting us right now. We have a shelf development, Ruby Delaware, we are studying very hard and, hopefully, we can produce from in the near future. Once that is sanctioned, and we hope it will be in 2019, then we expect production in 2021. So that’s a big project for us, which we will tie back to Angostura in Block 2c.

“We are continuing to drill deepwater exploration wells. The Invictus rig is due back here in February and that will be another multi-well programme.

And then we’ve recently done an ocean bottom node survey last year and we are now starting to analyse the data. Why is that exciting? One is that it’s giving us a much better picture of the sub-surface, something we’ve been wanting for a while. Hopefully, what that will do is show up areas of the shelf that are either new areas for us that we haven’t drilled as yet, and areas we may have not seen before, that has us really exciting. Those three big things coming together is a pretty significant investment profile for us. Hopefully, we will be successful in all three,” Pereira said.

 Pereira is positive about the energy industry outlook well into the future.

“This is an industry that has been around for many years and will continue for many more. We haven’t explored all of TT from a hydrocarbon perspective. There are big challenges for the industry from a global perspective because climate change is a big issue and we are a big part of that, so how we decarbonise energy is very important thing for the future. But all of that said oil and gas are going to remain a significant part of the energy mix for decades so that future is one that certainly excites me,” he said.

He has some concerns,  regarding the country’s ease of doing business and its competitiveness.

Projects compete for capital all over the world and TT operations need to have the most competitive projects. It’s entirely possible for public and private partnerships and collaborations can find solutions for efficiency. “There’s a need on both sides. The people of TT deserve a fair return for the resource, and the company should deserve a fair return as well (for its risk). It’s finding the balance where they intersect that needs to be competitive, including fiscal terms,”.  The speed at which decisions are made are important and increasingly become more important  because it impacts cycle time, and a project with a shorter cycle time tends to increase commercial terms and perform better. Education that keeps up with technology, for all workers in the industry, is also important.

“We have to refresh our competitiveness as a country, all the time, to attract investment to fuel the future but I remain hugely optimistic, whether collaborating with other companies and even with the State, we can get to outcomes that will enable us to see all as possible.”

Atlantic Energy –  More than LNG

Atlantic’s output is improving but…

Energy experts at the Hyatt Regency in Port of Spain discussed the future of the energy sector on a foundation of good news: Atlantic LNG’s production levels increased over recent months. Because the energy environment is different from that at the start of liquefied natural gas (LNG) production, success of the industry must include carbon capture, storage and utilisation and look beyond LNG production as the gas matrix has changed reduction of the country’s carbon footprint is vital to be more compliant with global CO2 emissions while boosting the energy sector.

A committee of ministry technocrats and UTT academics is examining capture of CO2 being flared and injecting it into designated oil wells to increase oil production. Upstream and downstream technical staff deserve credit for running Atlantic plants efficiently even with the reduced gas production levels over the past five years. With more players in the market including large Qatar or Australia Train Four is no longer the largest LNG train in the world. Train One, the smallest, produced 375 million cubic feet a day. Small petrochemical operations included other products. They began with the smallest gas line, the smallest ammonia plant and the smallest methanol plant. As a small country Trinidad & Tobago was able to develop only through competitiveness and built trains at the lowest operational costs.

Starting small and being competitive has been the sector’s strength. All four trains combined remain with the lowest operational cost to build. While levels of the raw material to produce LNG are increasing there needs to be a balance between LNG and petrochemicals. To mitigate shortages natural gas should be diverted to |LNG from melamine, ending competition with PRC. Imported gas can feed petrochemical plants as LNG trade expands to benefit the country. This sensible operation will balance between supply and demand.

After five years of severe gas shortages, when production reached an all-time low, with production levels almost back to normal with the recent new projects, TT can capture new markets. Losing its biggest LNG market when the US started its production of shale gas it failed to capture the regional LNG markets before the US.

LNG, a globally traded commodity is still in its growth phase and there is hope in finding new markets., as more regasification terminals include natural gas in their energy mix and LNG trade expands. Shell projects that LNG trade will increase by four per cent per year until 2035. During 2018, new projects restored gas supply to normal with LNG and petrochemicals increasing production and recovery to its eighth position in the market. As new capacity is built, existing players expand or new players enter the market this position may change.

Shell’s 2018 LNG Outlook shows higher demand for LNG as world population grows from seven billion to over nine billion over the next 30 years and 66 per cent of the population will live in cities. Birth control and family planning are thus crucial to end energy poverty in subsaharan economies where natural resources are dwindling due to poor governance, corruption and conflict.

“As per the International Energy Agency, it is expected that renewable energy could increase significantly by 2040. However, we will still need large amounts of oil and gas to provide the full range of energy products that the world needs.”

The report expected rising demand for gas, and specifically LNG, as economies grow. Reducing energy-related CO2 is crucial, as the World Health Organisation found that over three million deaths annually are caused by air pollution, even as the demand for LNG for transport on sea and land increases.

Government should beware of greed as it lifts its take from sales of LNG cargoes through renegotiating Train One agreement, which ended in 2018, with shareholders collectively as Atlantic and individually as licence holders. Another objective was to secure rights to cargoes for NGC. Following the bitter Petrotrin debacle, state bureaucracies must consider divestment to fast-track the more competent private sector and win foreign investment, which pioneered the oil and gas indutry over a century ago.