SBM Offshore FPSO closing in on first oil with mooring off Guyana out of the way

May 27, Melisa Cavcic

Netherlands-based SBM Offshore, a provider of the design, construction, installation, and operation of offshore floating facilities, has crossed off the task list the mooring of its new floating production, storage, and offloading (FPSO) vessel, which will enable the start of production from ExxonMobil’s fourth oil project in the Stabroek block off the coast of Guyana.

Following the arrival of the FPSO One Guyana from Singapore to Guyanese shores on April 15, 2025, SBM Offshore’s Installation Team completed the mooring of the unit on May 5, 2025, with the Normand Installer vessel, connecting each of the 20 mooring lines just 19 days after the unit arrived in the country.

The  operation entailed pre-lay mooring line survey by the Normand Installer vessel; safe and efficient coordination of tug station-keeping, rescue drills, and fairlead preparation  and seamless teamwork between the tow master, Normand Installer crew, and FPSO team for mooring line transfer and tensioning.

The Dutch player, which describes the FPSO mooring milestone as a major achievement in its offshore operations in the South American country, highlighted:

“This success is a testament to the dedication, precision, and collaboration of everyone involved, both offshore and onshore. A big thank you to all teams who made this possible!”

With the first oil anticipated later this year, the FPSO One Guyana will support the ExxonMobil-operated Yellowtail development, sanctioned in April 2022 as the U.S. oil major’s fourth project in the Stabroek block.  The development encompasses six drill centers and up to 26 production and 25 injection wells.

SBM Offshore got a contract confirmation for the supply of the FPSO after the final investment decision (FID) was disclosed for the project. This unit will work in Guyana alongside three other FPSOs: Liza Destiny, Liza Unity, and Prosperity.

The Dutch giant is also tasked with the provision of the FPSO Jaguar for ExxonMobil’s Whiptail oil development. With an initial production capacity of 250,000 barrels of oil per day, the FPSO One Guyana, featuring a design incorporating the firm’s Fast4Ward program, has an associated gas treatment capacity of 450 million cubic feet a day, daily water injection capacity of 300,000 barrels, and a storage capacity of 2 million barrels per day.

The Stabroek block, which covers 6.6 million acres (26,800 square kilometers), is operated by ExxonMobil’s affiliate in Guyana with a 45% interest. The firm’s partners are Hess Guyana Exploration (30%) and CNOOC Petroleum Guyana (25%).The U.S. giant is not only set on deploying six FPSOs with a gross production capacity of over 1.2 million barrels of oil per day on the Stabroek block by the end of 2027, but has also hinted at the potential for up to ten FPSOs to develop the estimated gross discovered recoverable resources of over 11 billion barrels of oil equivalent.

SBM Offshore got a contract confirmation for the supply of the FPSO after the final investment decision (FID) was disclosed for the project. This unit will work in Guyana alongside three other FPSOs: Liza Destiny, Liza Unity, and Prosperity. The Dutch giant is also tasked with the provision of the FPSO Jaguar for ExxonMobil’s Whiptail oil development.

With an initial production capacity of 250,000 barrels of oil per day, the FPSO One Guyana, featuring a design incorporating the firm’s Fast4Ward program, has an associated gas treatment capacity of 450 million cubic feet a day, daily water injection capacity of 300,000 barrels, and a storage capacity of 2 million barrels per day.

The Stabroek block, which covers 6.6 million acres (26,800 square kilometers), is operated by ExxonMobil’s affiliate in Guyana with a 45% interest. The firm’s partners are Hess Guyana Exploration (30%) and CNOOC Petroleum Guyana (25%).

The U.S. giant is not only set on deploying six FPSOs with a gross production capacity of over 1.2 million barrels of oil per day on the Stabroek block by the end of 2027, but has also hinted at the potential for up to ten FPSOs to develop the estimated gross discovered recoverable resources of over 11 billion barrels of oil equivalent.

Following the arrival of the FPSO One Guyana from Singapore to Guyanese shores on April 15, 2025, SBM Offshore’s Installation Team completed the mooring of the unit on May 5, 2025, with the Normand Installer vessel, connecting each of the 20 mooring lines just 19 days after the unit arrived in the country.

The   operation entailed pre-lay mooring line survey by the Normand Installer vessel; safe and efficient coordination of tug station-keeping, rescue drills, and fairlead preparation; and seamless teamwork between the tow master, Normand Installer crew, and FPSO team for mooring line transfer and tensioning.

The Dutch player, which describes the FPSO mooring milestone as a major achievement in its offshore operations in the South American country, highlighted: “This success is a testament to the dedication, precision, and collaboration of everyone involved, both offshore and onshore. A big thank you to all teams who made this possible!”

With the first oil anticipated later this year, the FPSO One Guyana will support the ExxonMobil-operated Yellowtail development, sanctioned in April 2022 as the U.S. oil major’s fourth project in the Stabroek block. This development encompasses six drill centers and up to 26 production and 25 injection wells.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Who is leading the race for ExxonMobil’s eighth Guyana FPSO?

US supermajor selected Longtail as latest development in prolific Stabroek block

Fabio Palmigiani
South America CorrespondentRio de Janeiro

Published 21 May 2025, 12:02

A major contractor is leading the race to build and supply US supermajor ExxonMobil with a super-sized floating production, storage and offloading vessel to serve the Longtail field offshore Guyana.

ExxonMobil picked Longtail as its eighth project in the Stabroek block and expects early next year to make a final investment decision to officially sanction it.   The proposed Longtail development will feature an FPSO that will be larger than any floater already installed or under construction in Guyana, as ExxonMobil intends to tackle massive amounts of natural gas from the area.

SBM Offshore got a contract confirmation for the supply of the FPSO after the final investment decision (FID) was disclosed for the project. This unit will work in Guyana alongside three other FPSOs: Liza Destiny, Liza Unity, and Prosperity. The Dutch giant is also tasked with the provision of the FPSO Jaguar for ExxonMobil’s Whiptail oil development.

With an initial production capacity of 250,000 barrels of oil per day, the FPSO One Guyana, featuring a design incorporating the firm’s Fast4Ward program, has an associated gas treatment capacity of 450 million cubic feet a day, daily water injection capacity of 300,000 barrels, and a storage capacity of 2 million barrels per day.

The Stabroek block, which covers 6.6 million acres (26,800 square kilometers), is operated by ExxonMobil’s affiliate in Guyana with a 45% interest. The firm’s partners are Hess Guyana Exploration (30%) and CNOOC Petroleum Guyana (25%).

The U.S. giant is not only set on deploying six FPSOs with a gross production capacity of over 1.2 million barrels of oil per day on the Stabroek block by the end of 2027, but has also hinted at the potential for up to ten FPSOs to develop the estimated gross discovered recoverable resources of over 11 billion barrels of oil equivalent.

Linden flagship solar farm leads clean energy transition

May 22, 2025

US$22.5M solar project marks milestone in energy independence

In a major leap towards a sustainable energy future, the town of Linden is set to become the national leader in renewable energy development following the official signing of the Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) contract for a 15-megawatt (MW) solar farm under the Guyana Utility Scale Solar Photovoltaic (GUYSOL) programme. The signing ceremony marked the commencement of the largest solar farm project to be constructed under the GUYSOL initiative, a flagship programme of the Government of Guyana financed through US$83.3 million earned under the Guyana-Norway forest climate services partnership. The initiative is jointly implemented by the Guyana Power and Light Inc. (GPL) and the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB).

Linden solar farm, expected to be completed by 2026, is poised to serve as a cornerstone of Low Carbon Development Strategy (LCDS) 2030, balancing economic growth with environmental responsibility and climate resilience. It will be constructed by a joint venture between SUMEC Engineering and XJ Group Corporation, at a cost of US$22.58 million.

Once operational, the facility will generate approximately 20,210 megawatt-hours of clean energy annually, reducing over 17,000 tons of carbon dioxide emissions each year for the next two decades. The solar farm is projected to save the government an estimated GY$1.2 billion annually in electricity subsidies currently paid to support energy generation in Linden.

A notable feature of the project is the integration of a state-of-the-art battery energy storage system with a 22-megawatt-hour (MWh) capacity. This will ensure a stable and continuous electricity supply by storing excess solar energy during the day and releasing it during periods of low sunlight. The project also includes a full digital transformation of Linden’s electrical grid, transitioning from manual analog systems to a real-time automated monitoring and control platform.

Prime Minister Brigadier (Ret’d) Mark Phillips emphasized the significance of the project as testimony to the government’s commitment to inclusive national development.

“This government made a promise to improve the livelihoods of all and this solar farm is testimony to our commitment to the people of Linden and Guyana as a whole.”

He reaffirmed the government’s commitment to maintaining low electricity rates in Linden and pledged to continue exploring ways to further reduce energy costs for residents. He provided historical context, noting that under a previous People’s Progressive Party Civic (PPPC) administration, Guyana secured US$220.8 million through its partnership with Norway for renewable energy projects, including the now-shelved Amaila Falls Hydro Project.

“Had we gone ahead with that project, we would have had 165 megawatts of renewable energy by 2017,” Phillips remarked, expressing confidence that with the current momentum, Linden will benefit significantly in the coming years.

Looking ahead to the 2026–2030 development cycle, the Prime Minister announced plans for a transmission line connecting Linden to the Berbice-Demerara Interconnected System. This link will allow Linden to benefit from multiple electricity sources: the solar farm, the anticipated Amaila Falls Hydropower Project and the Gas-to-Energy project development.

Beyond clean energy generation, the project is expected to bring social benefits by creating opportunities for women and youth, who will be trained to operate and maintain the facilities.

“As we earn more revenue from oil and gas and other sources, you will see more and more investment of this nature.”

Once completed, Linden’s solar farm will not only be the largest of its kind in the country but will also make a significant contribution to Guyana’s goal of generating nearly one-fifth of its electricity from renewable sources—marking a critical step toward energy independence, lower electricity costs and a reduced carbon footprint.

 

 

 

$ 2.58M contract signed for largest solar farm at Linden

May 22, 20250

Prime Minister, Brigadier (Ret’d) Mark Phillips affirmed the Government’s commitment to delivering equitable and sustainable development while overseeing the contract signing for the Linden utility-scale solar project—the largest renewable energy initiative of its kind in Guyana. The 15-megawatt (MW) installation—comprising three solar farms at Block 37 (4 MWp), Dacoura (3 MWp), and Retrieve (8 MWp)—forms part of the Guyana Utility-Scale Solar Photovoltaic (GUYSOL) Programme.

The project includes an 11 MW / 22 MWh Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) at the new Linden Electricity Company Inc. (LECI) substation, a new 13.8kV transmission line, and upgrades to interconnection infrastructure to improve electricity stability in Region Ten.

The Government is continuously working for the people of Guyana.

“This is the Government that made a promise to bring development and to improve the livelihood of all the people of Guyana, wherever they live, wherever their community is located, whoever they voted for—we are not interested in that. What we are interested in is bringing five years of development to the people, and this is testimony to our commitment to the people of Guyana and the people of Linden.”

The GUYSOL project is being funded through resources Guyana earned under its forest partnership with Norway, which secured US$220.8m for climate-related investments. The Government is using some of the funds to develop sustainable energy initiatives nationwide. After funding was utilised for Amerindian land titling, home solar equipment for indigenous communities and hinterland ICT access, the Government decided to allocate US$83.8m from remaining funds to develop utility-scale solar projects across the country, with the Linden solar project being the largest such installation in Guyana’s history.

The Linden solar project, valued at US$22.58m, is expected to produce over 20,210 MWh of clean energy annually, contributing to an estimated $1.2bn in savings on electricity subsidies while mitigating over 17,200 tonnes of CO₂ emissions per year.

Prime Minister Phillips reaffirmed the Government’s broader renewable energy vision.

“In the next development cycle… we will be building out a transmission line to also connect Linden to the Demerara-Berbice Interconnected System. We will also be funding the Amaila Falls. That is a project that we committed to completing.”

In addition to infrastructure, the project places strong emphasis on social inclusion and local economic empowerment.

“There is a human side to this project. When we talk about renewable energy, we talk about just transition. The people aspect of renewable energy is captured in this project, where we have women who will be trained to work and to operate these facilities. We have youths who will be introduced through an apprentice programme… We are preparing them for the future.”

He encouraged residents to view the solar project as more than just an energy solution but as a foundation for economic advancement. He underscored the need for citizens to leverage improved electricity access to create and expand micro-enterprises and small industries.

“What we need—and that’s the message we’re sharing everywhere in Guyana where we have similar projects—is for people to get involved in micro-businesses and utilise the power being provided. That is what, as a Government, we want to do—bring development to the people, wherever the people are located.”

Acting Chief Executive Officer of GPL Inc., Mr Kesh Nandlall, echoed similar remarks

“This project is of critical national importance. The people of Linden—and indeed, all of Guyana—are counting on its timely and high-quality delivery. We expect strict adherence to the agreed timelines, the highest standards of engineering and safety, and full cooperation with GPL and local stakeholders.”

The solar installation will support digital transformation of Linden’s electricity grid, shifting from manual analogue operations to real-time automated systems—improving reliability, monitoring and control.

 

 

 

ExxonMobil’s eighth FPSO

Fabio Palmigiani
South America Correspondent
21 May 2025,

US supermajor selected Longtail as latest development in prolific Stabroek block

A major contractor is leading the race to build and supply US supermajor ExxonMobil with a super-sized floating production, storage and offloading vessel to serve the Longtail field offshore .

ExxonMobil picked Longtail as its eighth project in the Stabroek block and expects early next year to make a final investment decision to officially sanction it. The proposed Longtail development will feature an FPSO larger than any floater already installed or under construction in Guyana, as ExxonMobil intends to tackle massive amounts of natural gas from the area.

 

China’s new envoy pledges stronger ties, support for Guyana’s development goals

May 26, 2025

CHINA’S newly appointed Ambassador to Guyana, Yang Yang, affirmed her country’s commitment to strengthening bilateral relations and expanding co-operation with Guyana in key areas of low-carbon development, climate change response and green energy transitions.

At her first official signing event in Linden, Ambassador Yang Yang highlighted the deepening mutual trust and practical cooperation between the two nations, stating, “Economic co-operation has grown closer, and cultural exchanges have become increasingly active.”

Ambassador Yang arrived in Guyana on April 17, 2025, to assume her duties, and despite being here for just a month, she expressed how she felt encouraged by the energy of Guyana’s development efforts and the hospitality of its people.Reflecting on more than five decades of diplomatic relations, established on June 27, 1972, Ambassador Yang reaffirmed China’s readiness to pursue stronger collaboration under the Belt and Road Initiative.

“China and Guyana are partners in the high-quality joint construction of the Belt and Road Initiative and also share the benefits of its fruitful achievements. Under the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative, our mutual beneficial cooperation has brought tangible benefits to both our countries and both our peoples.”

She emphasised China’s focus on sustainable growth and the importance of aligning with Guyana’s own ambitions.

“Today, sustainable development stands as the golden key to addressing global changes. China is accelerating its transition towards a comprehensive transformation of economic and social development, while Guyana is also ambitiously striving towards the goals set in the Low-Carbon Development Strategy 2030.”

Ambassador Yang Yang guaranteed, on behalf of the Embassy, that they would urge and support their enterprises to pursue high-quality and efficient construction, as well as ensure a timely delivery with assured standards, and contribute to Guyana’s economic and social development.

Looking ahead, the Ambassador expressed optimism for the future of bilateral ties.

“We look forward to seeing more cooperative projects harnessing our continental advantages to achieve mutual benefits and shared success and injecting new momentum into the development of our friendly relations,” she said.

 

PRC Exploits Guyana Oil, Backs Venezuela

May 23, 2025

Ambiguity marks PRC policy toward the Nicolás Maduro regime and its conflict with Guyana . State-owned China Petroleum expressed interest to the Venezuelan regime in acquiring Chevron’s operations in Venezuela. This is a new chapter in Beijing’s longstanding acceptance of the Bolivarian autocrat, whose re-election on July 28, 2024, was rejected even by former allies.

Paradoxically, PRC also has an increasingly active presence in the exploitation of resources in neighboring Guyana, with which Venezuela has a long-standing dispute over Essequibo.

This conflict has been escalating to the point that the Guyanese Foreign Ministry issued a warning of Caracas’ plans for military action in the disputed territory, which covers 160,000 square kilometers. In April, the Maduro regime announced the appointment of an active military officer, Admiral Neil Villamizar Sánchez, to run for governor of Guayana Esequiba, a state created unilaterally through a law passed by the Venezuelan Parliament, dominated by the ruling party.

These decisions defy a recent ruling by the International Court of Justice (ICJ), which is settling the dispute over the Essequibo, that Venezuela must refrain from taking any action on the disputed territory.

PRC silence concerning Maduro’s actions in his claim to the Essequibo and the March incursion of a Venezuelan warship into Guyana’s exclusive economic zone is interpreted as tacit support for the Venezuelan regime’s position. In mid-April, Guyana rejected China’s suggestion of a friendly negotiation with Caracas to resolve the Essequibo dispute, stressing that the matter was before the ICJ.

“Guyana will not engage in discussion of any matter that has been brought before the Court [ICJ],” the Guyana Foreign Ministry said . China “needs to be principled in its position to respect Guyana’s territorial integrity and not to appease Nicolás Maduro’s serial violations of international law.”

China is funding oil exploration in the disputed waters. State-owned China National Offshore Oil Corp. (CNOOC) invested over $54 billion in multiple exploration projects in the Stabroek maritime block. As such, the Chinese Communist Party seeks to take full advantage of its relationship with Venezuela and Guyana by exploiting as many resources as possible on both sides of the border, even if this means strengthening the Maduro regime and its plans for war.

China’s attitude is clear. According to Milos Alcalay, former Venezuelan representative to the United Nations, China’s relations with Latin America are characterized by practicality.

“China’s presence in Latin America and the Caribbean is not ideological; it’s not based on political relations with one country or another, as might be the case with Russia or Iran. Rather, it is a relationship that allows them to penetrate the Third World.”

This general attitude, forces China to appear to maintain the utmost discretion regarding the Essequibo conflict .

“China does not enter the realm of defending Western democracy or the principles of democracy and citizen participation. They recognize more of a state policy, and their version of state policy is to recognize whoever is in charge of the executive branch.

“They are not part of the Inter-American Democratic Charter, they do not have the democratic clause that we have in MERCOSUR, they do not have a position in defence of elections as the United States or the European Union do. So, China’s relationship is with the state.”

For Venezuelan political scientist María Teresa Romero, the facts indicate that Chinese diplomacy toward Venezuela and Guyana is not governed by principles, but by interests.  The expert in international relations indicated that Beijing’s attitude would remain unchanged until the ICJ issues a ruling on the dispute.

“China sees possibilities for the balance to tip one way or the other. That’s why they do not want to look bad to either Guyana or Venezuela, because they’re not sure; although most experts assume that the Court will rule in favor of Guyana. But the Maduro dictatorship’s latest actions have gone against the Court’s requests, so China prefers to maintain that equidistance, that ambiguity, until the Court rules.”

For the Andrés Bello Foundation, a think tank dedicated to analyzing Sino-Latin American relations, China’s position is questionable. In a December 2024 report, the institution noted that despite China’s “non-intervention” policy in the Essequibo dispute, high-level bilateral visits between Beijing and Caracas increased throughout 2024, culminating in the visit to China in December and again in April by nominal Vice President Delcy Rodríguez.

“This rapprochement can be interpreted as implicit support” for the Maduro regime, “an ambiguity that has sparked analysis and debate in various diplomatic circles.”

The pseudo-neutral pose allows totalitarian PRC to grab resources from corrupt despots in the Global South. Across Africa, PRC lending practices are characterized by opaque and problematic loan terms and PRC behavior rendered fragile economies at risk of default. Widespread shocks to the global financial system significantly reduced PRC lending in Africa and the PRC model of investment has shown inherent flaws that create risk for debtors.

Venal PRD, seen as a communist Trojan horse spurred the Trump tariffs, migrant crisis, fear of espionage and criminality including theft of cell phones for sale in PRC.

PRC-Venezuela-USA

Potential interest from PRC in acquiring or replacing Chevron operations in Venezuela if the US-imposed licenses are revoked is driven by 6 key factors:

China is a major oil buyer for Venezuela, directly and indirectly through third parties. Russia, China and/ or Iran could fill the vacuum created by complete withdrawal of Chevron and other Western oil companies and benefit when Venezuela expropriates assets.

China might be motivated to recoup significant debts of over $10 billion which Venezuela owes from loan agreements, in the form of credit lines and loan-for-oil deals, managed by China Development Bank.

Russia has a financial interest in limiting oil supplies to the international market.
Venezuela stated that it wants to continue its oil operations and that US sanctions are hurting the country. Venezuela is actively seeking to increase its oil sales to China.

Chevron argued that its continued presence in Venezuela is strategically valuable and that a withdrawal would be detrimental to US interests, allowing foreign competitors to fill the void.

A Potential Scenario is that Chinese companies, like Anhui Erhuan Petroleum Group or Kerui Petroleum, could acquire joint ventures Chevron has with PDVSA, the Venezuelan state-owned oil company.

 

 

 

 

Moonilal plans energy talks with Jagdeo

2025, 05/12

Noting Vice President Dr Bharrat Jagdeo’s statement that Guyana does not have gas to supply to others but is willing to meet the T&T Government on possible future arrangements, TT Energy Minister Dr Roodal Moonilal said,

“Certainly, Jagdeo’s invitation to have discussions on any role for T&T will be considered in the interest of the people of Guyana and this country. The role of the private sector arrangements in that context is noted for short-term consultations. I can confirm that I already dispatched, in my first week on the job, correspondence to my counterpart in Guyana on our eagerness to discuss bilateral cooperation on all energy-related matters.”

Addressing possible energy collaboration between Guyana and T&T last week, Jagdeo said before T&T’s General Election last month, he had indicated there was not enough gas to supply both countries but disclosed,

“We need all of the gas there for our electricity generation and the fertiliser plant. There is a project that we have not approved as yet that is being explored between Fulcrum LNG and ExxonMobil and the government of Guyana to develop the gas reserves. They’re exploring several options as to what to do with this gas.

I said if T&T is interested, then the tripartite arrangement, ExxonMobil, Fulcrum LNG, and the government of Guyana would have to examine whether taking the gas to T&T outweighs those other options in terms of financial feasibility.”

Prime Minister Kamla Persad-Bissessar instructed Moonilal to investigate new sources of oil and gas TT from Grenada, Guyana and Suriname.

Energy expert Anthony Paul said TT needs to deploy diplomacy to gain a better understanding of the Guyana gas situation. Guyana should also use TT experience to achieve the right technical and commercial solution. It is important to understand the state of Guyana resources to gain long-term access .

Energy investor, Dr Krishna Persad, responding to Jagdeo, said Guyana has to look after its interests, as does T&T. Guyana wants to build a gas-based industry with the gas coming onshore via the pipeline built by ExxonMobil. However, Jagdeo’s indication that he’s willing to talk with the TT Government was a good sign.
T&T should use its experience in gas processing to its advantage.

“The Government should go to the Guyanese government and say, we understand your position. We recognise your position and did the same many years ago and became very successful. So, we want to join you in your success.”

One of the ways TT can fast-track its development in the gas-based industry is to move the three-in-one LNG plant from Trinidad to Guyana.

“We will be able to access our share, at cost, to the value of the LNG train and share it 50-50 or whatever. That way, we can bring LNG to T&T quickly and fulfil our gas supply needs by importing LNG from Guyana. Our PPGPL plant can process the liquid.”

 

ECO NOTE TRINIDAD-VENEZUELA-GUYANA
[ During the 1970s to 1980s when Guyana’s economy collapsed, Trinidad and Tobago continued to supply Guyana with petroleum products on credit. During the 1990s, at the conclusion of the debt forgiveness process under the Paris Club arrangements for Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago forgave Guyana the single largest amount of debt of hundreds of millions of US dollars. TT rescheduled US$460 million of Guyana debt. In 1996 TT reduced Guyana debt of USD 536 million to USD 178 million. at a lower interest rate of 3.2%. Migrants fled to Trinidad and worked in the oil industry. UWI Trinidad and NESC train Guyana students. UWI Trinidad employs dons from Guyana. TT enjoys a trade surplus with Guyana where TT firms invest.

Trinidad fosters good relations with Venezuela and offers food and shelter to over 36,000 who fled Venezuela in the past decade.

Venezuela’s territorial waters extend up to 12 nautical miles (22 kilometers) from its baselines, the maximum limit allowed by United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Venezuela claims a contiguous zone extending up to 24 nautical miles (44 kilometers). The Exclusive Economic Zone extends seaward from the outer edge of the territorial sea, reaching up to 200 nautical miles ( 370 km) from the baseline and grants exclusive rights over resources and activities in that zone, according to law.

While surface waters are international , EEZ confers a “sovereign right” below the surface of the sea. States have rights to the seabed of the extended continental shelf up to 350 nmi (648 km) from the coastal baseline beyond the EEZ but such areas are not part of their EEZ. Italian company Saipem is the pipeline leader in all offshore basins. Where there is a will there is a way.  ]

 

 

 

 

Guyana plans for gas

…Grenada, Suriname long-term solutions

2025,  05/10

Oropouche East MP Dr Roodal Moonilal quoted documents outlining the cost of trips to Venezuela by former Energy Minister Stuart Young. TT Prime Minister Kamla Persad-Bissessar instructed Energy Minister Dr Roodal Moonilal to seek out new sources of oil and gas for the country from Grenada, Guyana and Suriname. Last Thursday, she told a post-Cabinet news conference the government wants to pursue the Grenada gas initiative to ensure resources within the region are optimally developed for the benefit of T&T and the region. She also mentioned the establishment of a solar photovoltaic power plant in Suriname by T&T’s National Energy and the feasibility assessment of a cross-border subsea pipeline from Trinidad to Suriname by way of the National Gas Company of which National Energy is a subsidiary.

Grenada leader, Dickon Mitchell is open to the announcement by Prime Minister Kamla Persad-Bissessar that T&T intends to strengthen cooperation between the two countries in hydrocarbon exploration and development. His government always held the view that Grenada stands to benefit from cooperation with T&T in this field.

“We also recognise that in the present international economic environment, Trinidad too, stands to benefit from cooperation with Grenada in this field. The Prime Minister has indicated that she intends to send her Minister of Energy to Grenada soon to hold talks with us. We are eagerly looking forward to his visit.”

Guyana’s Vice President, Dr. Bharrat Jagdeo, repeated his advice before TT general election last month that, from their gas to energy project, there is no gas to supply to anyone but he is willing to meet the TT government. At a news conference last Thursday, Jagdeo, when asked by a reporter to respond to the PM’s statement on doing energy business with Guyana, explained in detail what the plans are for his country’s gas reserves.

“We need all of the gas there for our electricity generation and the fertiliser plant. There is a project that we have not approved yet that is being explored between Fulcrum LNG and ExxonMobil and the Government of Guyana to develop the gas reserves. They’re exploring several options as to what to do with this gas.

“One is to do LNG and export LNG.

“Two could be to bring the gas on shore for generation of power, just to sell to Brazil. Three, to bring the gas on shore for industrialisation in Guyana, or a combination of all three, if there is adequate gas. I said if T&T is interested, then the tripartite arrangement, ExxonMobil, Fulcrum LNG and the Government of Guyana would have to examine whether taking the gas to T&T outweighs those other options in terms of financial feasibility.”

Last week, Dr Moonilal told media that, based on reports he received from the energy stakeholders, he would make direct contact with his counterparts at Ministries of in the three territories of Grenada, Guyana and Suriname.

Regarding Grenada, Moonilal said, “We are aware that the project ran into some trouble several years ago, but T&T is in a position where surely, we can assist given the great interest we have in doing business in the gas-based industries and the closeness of Grenada to us both physically and from a Caricom partner perspective.”

Former Energy Minister Carolyn Seepersad-Bachan said, in 2012, the US Geological Survey highlighted regional hydrocarbon potential, from the North Cuba Basin to the Guyana-Suriname Basin—drawing increased international investment interest. However, she said not all identified hydrocarbon deposits are technically or commercially viable.

In anticipation of shared reserves, Seepersad-Bachan said Grenada and T&T signed a maritime boundary delimitation treaty in 2010 over the Tobago Trough. A Framework agreement for energy cooperation followed, initiated by discussions between both then prime ministers.

“Yet, as of May 2025, no cross-border hydrocarbon fields or unitisation agreements exist between the countries.”

Grenada has since pursued offshore hydrocarbon development through production sharing contracts (PSCs) and exploration licences with international firms, including Global Petroleum Group and Oceangate Oil and Gas Engineering.

“While the 2017 Nutmeg-2 well showed early signs of hydrocarbons, it was plugged without testing and no reservoirs have yet been defined as commercially viable. Limited data access and ongoing contract reviews have stalled any transition to development. As such, Grenada cannot be viewed as a near-term solution to T&T’s gas supply shortfall.”

In Suriname, she said there are promising gas finds in Blocks 52 and 58 that are under appraisal, with the earliest production expected by 2031.

“Floating LNG and joint gas development with Guyana—whose eastern Stabroek Block borders Suriname’s discoveries—are being explored. Exporting gas to Trinidad is technically feasible, but subsea pipeline infrastructure would be cost-prohibitive. Gas-based petrochemicals from Trinidad may struggle to compete with US products given new U.S. tariffs and rising domestic production.”

Economist Dr Ronald Ramkissoon said it is useful to explore possibilities in both areas of fossil fuels, natural gas and crude oil, as well solar and alternative sources of energy.

“In the short term, as well as in the medium to long term, it is useful at this point to explore whatever avenues there are, because we do need natural gas to help with the increased production of petrochemicals.”

Ramkissoon does not believe that the government should rule out the possibilities that might still lie with Venezuela.

“I think we have to learn how to manage the geopolitics in a way that we can benefit from wherever resources are, whether natural resources or foreign direct investment. We need to be very strategic in the way we think about the interests of T&T.”

At her swearing in on May 1, Prime Minister Persad Bissessar said that the Dragon gas deal was dead, following the revocation of this country’s OFAC licence.

 

 

 

 

Trinidad Minister seeks Guyana synergies

May 21, 2025

TT Energy Minister Dr Roodal Moonilal wrote to Guyana’s Minister of Natural Resources Vickram Bharrat seeking collaboration on energy matters. Moonilal disclosed this to media, following a tour of The University of the West Indies (UWI) Penal. Responding to statements by Guyana vice president Bharrat Jagdeo that the petrostate did not have sufficient gas production to export, Moonilal said while he did not have one-on-one discussions with either Guyana’s president Irfaan Ali or Jagdeo, he was expecting a response from the natural resources minister of Guyana. Initiatives were also underway for collaboration in Suriname and Grenada.

However, with an election approaching in Suriname, it was “prudent to wait a few days more before making that type of initiative”.

Prime Minister Kamla Persad-Bissessar outlined a vision for Trinidad and Tobago to become an energy hub and re-emerging as a major—and the leading—energy player in the region. Interaction with Guyana would extend beyond gas.

“Our business with Guyana and our interest with Guyana is not just gas. They are not as advanced with the production of gas, as they are with oil. So, our business with Guyana has to do with providing technical service support to…the energy industry there. Several of our State companies are involved in Guyana at this time and involved in bidding for contracts of providing services…technical, administrative (services), in some cases.”

Asked if he was disappointed, Moonilal said: “No, they don’t have the production of gas at this time that will help us. That is why we’ve had discussions over the years, and we will now intensify those discussions…as well in Suriname, because there is an ongoing interest in a pipeline from Suriname to Trinidad, that can also connect to Guyana, if and when Guyana produces the quantum of gas that will be for both their domestic consumption and for export in the region, primarily Trinidad and Tobago.”

The ministry would also have discussions with the Guyanese private sector. Former energy minister Stuart Young was wrong, as there was a model to run pipelines outside Venezuelan waters.

“Throughout the world, pipelines are run through water, on land. It is quite common with international, commercial arrangements and international law to run a pipeline through other territorial waters belonging to several countries and on land; in fact, there are pipelines that run through Eastern Europe, Western Europe, everywhere. That is a normal commercial and international negotiation process.”

Trinidad and Tobago would be strongly represented at the gas symposium in June, where matters of the fuller participation of the energy sector from Trinidad in Suriname would be raised.

“What I found startling when I became minister was that while the private sector has been able to position themselves and their own work to Guyana and Suriname, the government itself really didn’t have much of a footprint. Trinidad and Tobago government doesn’t have a footprint. It is really the private sector—and they have done so by their own work, lobbying, networking, legal work, commercial negotiations without the help of the government. If we are to be the energy hub of the Caribbean, we must also have a significant presence as a government in those countries. I’m happy to say that there are State enterprises now that we’re working with to get a bigger role in Suriname and Guyana in the coming months, to see some of the work we have tendered for.”

Unlike the previous administration, his negotiations would be much more transparent, much more open and much more end-result focused.

Regarding the Pointe-a-Pierre refinery, he said he was awaiting technical reports before holding a tour.

“We are putting together a team to do a quick assessment—technical assessment—of the state of the refinery at this minute. We know what the refinery was in 2018, and certainly 2015. But we would like to get a technical report now on the mothballing process and tracking reports on the refinery. Then, we will be in a position to tour. It would make the tour much more useful when we have a status report from a technical committee. That should be set up any day now.”

 

 

 

 

Stabroek Block cost recovery and profit oil audits

May 22, 2025

Guyana Ministry of Natural Resources updated the public on the status of three audits of Stabroek Block expenses. These audits were contracted by the Government of Guyana as part of its cost recovery verification process, which is provided for under the Petroleum Agreement with the Stabroek Block co-venturers — ExxonMobil, Hess, and CNOOC.

The first audit, covering the period 1999 to 2017, was conducted by IHS Markit. The Government, in keeping with its findings, disputed approximately US$214 million in costs submitted by the consortium. This was communicated to ExxonMobil and its partners, and both parties agreed to activate the provision for a sole expert, as enshrined in the Production Sharing Agreement. The Government has submitted multiple nominees for the sole expert, an established dispute resolution mechanism, which can resolve disagreements over the cost recovery claims. ExxonMobil, acting on behalf of the co-venturers, has until May 31, 2025, to respond.

The second audit, which examined costs incurred between 2018 and 2020, reviewed US$7.2 billion in declared expenses. Of this amount, US$65.1 million was not accepted by the Government. This was communicated to the co-venturers and they have since provided updated submissions, which are under review by the Government.

As previously reported, both of the final reports for the first and second audits are available on the website of the Petroleum Management Programme via this link: http://petroleum.gov.gy/

The third audit, covering the period 2021 to 2023, was completed and submitted to the Government. The Guyana Revenue Authority (GRA), which plays a key role in the Government’s efforts on the three audits, is reviewing the initial report.

The Ministry of Natural Resources reaffirms its commitment to the prudent management of Guyana’s oil and gas sector and will continue to keep the public informed of its work in this regard.

 

 

 

Sole expert for audits of ExxonMobil costs

22 May 2025

The Natural Resources Ministry indicated government-contracted audits of expenses by ExxonMobil consortium triggered disputes in expenses of US$279.1 million spanning two audits. ExxonMobil Guyana has until May 31 to agree to a “sole expert” to resolve a dispute over US$214 million in costs submitted by the consortium. Both Government and the co-venturers agreed to activate the provision for a sole expert, as enshrined in the 2016 Production Sharing Agreement (PSA).

“The Government submitted multiple nominees for the sole expert. The sole expert is an established dispute resolution mechanism, which can resolve disagreements over the cost recovery claims. ExxonMobil, acting on behalf of the co-venturers, has until May 31, 2025, to provide its response.”

Guyana Revenue Authority (GRA) said US$1.6 billion in expenses from 1999 to 2017 was uncovered in an audit conducted by the London-based IHS Markit. The overall disputed costs have risen as a result of the second audit, which examined costs incurred between 2018 and 2020 and so reviewed US$7.2 billion in declared expenses.

The Ministry said that of that amount, US$65.1 million was not accepted by the Government.

“This was communicated to the co-venturers and they have since provided updated submissions, which are under review by the Government.”

The requirements for expense audits and a “sole expert” are provided for in the PSA between government and ExxonMobil Guyana.

Final reports for the first and second audits are available on the website of the Petroleum Management Programme.

The third audit, covering the period 2021 to 2023, was completed and submitted to the Government.

The GRA, which plays a key role in the Government’s efforts on the three audits, is reviewing the initial report.

The Ministry of Natural Resources says it reaffirms its commitment to the prudent management of Guyana’s oil and gas sector and promises it will continue to keep the public informed of its work in this regard.

 

 

 

Venezuela election plan in Essequibo

23 May 2025

President Irfaan Ali warned that Venezuela’s decision to elect officials to administer a swathe of his land constitutes:

“a full-frontal assault on Guyana’s sovereignty and territorial integrity…part of a campaign to provoke confrontation… implications are grave – not just for Guyana but for the entire western hemisphere. The sham elections Venezuela seeks to stage in our territory are not only illegal – they are an act of brazen hostility. This threat is not just aimed at Guyana. It undermines regional peace.”

Guyana was a “peaceful nation” but “bows to no bully and yields to no threat”. He “will make every investment – military, diplomatic, technological and human – necessary to secure and defend our sovereignty and territorial integrity”.

On 25 May Venezuelans will elect regional governors and lawmakers, including officials to govern resource-rich Essequibo. The tropical jungle is internationally recognised as part of Guyana, an English-speaking former British and Dutch colony. Abounding in oil, gold, diamonds and timber, the pristine rainforested region makes up two-thirds of its territory and is home to 125,000 of its 800,000 citizens. The frontiers were determined by an arbitration panel in 1899. Venezuela also claims the region because it was within its boundaries during the Spanish colonial period.

US energy titan ExxonMobil discovered offshore crude oil in 2015, reigniting the centuries-old dispute, which escalated in 2023 when Guyana auctioned oil-exploration licences. In late 2023, after a referendum asking voters if Essequibo should be turned into a Venezuelan state, President Maduro threatened to partially annex the region by force and pledged to hold elections there.

Claiming Essequibo is “an inalienable part of the Venezuelan territory and a legacy of our liberators”, Caracas rejected an order by the International Court of Justice to suspend its plans. “No international pressure, judicial blackmail, or foreign tribunal will make us back down from this conviction,” Venezuela said.

Dr Christopher Sabatini, Latin America expert at Chatham House, said the move to hold elections was “intended to stoke the fires of nationalism”.

Guyana’s chief of defence staff, Brigadier Omar Khan, urged Indigenous communities – particularly residents along the border – to share relevant information about Venezuela’s attempts to organise the election. He warned that any resident participating in the elections would be charged with treason and other felony crimes. Khan told media,

“I want you to be vigilant. If anyone participates or takes any similar action, it will amount to support for a passive coup. Anything along those lines will speak to a violation of our sovereignty and territorial integrity.”

Voting would only take place in a border municipality in the Venezuelan state of Bolívar although the newly created “Guyana-Essequibo state” included the entire disputed territory. Venezuelan authorities are unlikely to cross the internationally recognized border.

Venezuelans will elect 24 state governors and 285 national assembly members in Sunday’s poll, but turnout is expected to be low.

The elections come 10 months after Maduro claimed victory in an election widely suspected as fraudulent.

A deadly crackdown followed, with reports that the government had “killed, tortured, detained and forcefully disappeared people seeking democratic change”.

Tensions rise in Guyana as Maduro uses border dispute to build support ahead of Venezuela poll

“Last year, Maduro stole the votes of Venezuelans and repressed those who demanded fair counting. It’s hard to see how many of them will turn out to vote again,” said Juan Pappier, deputy director of the Americas Division of HRW.

Víctor Alfonzo, a 33-year-old resident living in the state of Anzoátegui, said that the country no longer “believes in the political system. I’m not planning to vote. Neither are my friends, nor my family. We know that everything is a fraud with this government, and we don’t want to participate.”

The Venezuelan opposition endures infighting over whether to abstain from the election, with the handful who are set to run facing bitter recriminations from their political allies. Leader María Corina Machado urged voters to stay away in the hope of humiliating the regime with low turnout. Others warn the boycott could play into the hands of the administration. In 2020, the opposition boycotted parliamentary elections, which rights groups say allowed Maduro’s allies to regain control of parliament. Sabatini said,

“Those leaders, the ones that sit out, become irrelevant. They may be marginalising themselves even more and that, in part, is the government’s plan.”

In 1596,  Sir Walter Raleigh’s British expedition explored the Essequibo River, the largest in Guyana, named after Juan de Esquivel, deputy of Don Diego Columbus, son of Christopher Columbus in 1498.

In 1895, the territory was under Dutch and British influence. On 3 October 1899 ,  a tribunal ruled in favour of Britain. The Schomburgk Line was established as the border between British Guiana and Venezuela.

Barima Point gave Venezuela control of the Orinoco River and substantial territory east of the line. Britain received most of the disputed territory and the gold mines.

In 1966, Venezuela signed the Geneva Agreement with the United Kingdom establishing bases for a negotiated solution prior to the independence of Guyana.

Five months later, Venezuelan troops occupied the river islets in October 1966 constructing military installations and an airstrip.

On January 1, 1976. Venezuela nationalized its oil industry and creation of state-owned Petróleos de Venezuela S.A. (PDVSA), replaced foreign oil companies, controlling the world’s largest oil reserves.

 

 

 

 

Guyana defends raising border feud at UN Human Rights Council meeting

7 May 2025

Venezuela objected to Guyana raising the adverse impact of the Essequibo border controversy at the Review of Guyana – 49th Session of Universal Periodic Review by the United Nations Human Rights Council. Guyana’s Ambassador Carolyn Rodrigues-Birkett told the meeting that her delegation referred to Venezuela’s claim to the 160,000 square kilometre region because of the adverse impact that ultimately it was having on Guyana.

“Let me say that whatever threatens our development, threatens the human rights of our citizens, it was necessary for us to mention the spurious claim to two-thirds of our territory,”

Venezuela’s Permanent Representative to the UN in Geneva, Ambassador Alexander Gabriel Yánez Deleuze, promptly requested to intervene on a point of order. He cited Article 113 of the General Assembly’s Rules of Procedure to request Guyana’s delegation to

“refrain from presenting in the UPR (Universal Periodic Review) territorial themes of a strictly bilateral scope. The Human Rights Council does not have a power or mandate to address these kinds of subjects.”

Mr Yánez Deleuze said the UPR must remain with its mandate to “avoid its politicisation”.

The HRC Vice President then reminded country delegations that they must avoid “bilateralising” the multilateral process and remain within the legal framework established by the Council’s resolution and the political framework of the General Assembly and the Security Council.

While Ms Rodrigues-Birkett noted the Vice President’s advice, she pointed out that, “I was just responding to what was raised and, as the UPR process asked us to identify in our report the threats – and we view this as a major one – it was included.”

At the centre of the disagreement was Minister of Tourism, Industry and Commerce, Oneidge Walrond stating that “Guyana faces several challenges as a small developing nation including the impacts of climate change and a spurious claim to two-thirds of our territory.”

In his earlier presentation, the Venezuelan Ambassador accused the Guyana delegation of taking the “unfortunate decision” to “twist the intended nature and purpose” of the UPR by referring in its statement and report certain points that relate to the Guyana-Venezuela territorial dispute over the Essequibo Region.

“We wish to underscore the fact that the UPR should adhere strictly to the purposes for which it was established.”

 

 

 

 

Government building a better Guyana

May 7, 2025

Minister of Educat

LEARNERS flocked the Arthur Chung Conference Centre at Liliendaal for a historic event

The Arrival Day Village, open to the public today, is part of this year’s Arrival Day observance. It aims to showcase Guyana’s diverse culture and the rich, vibrant history of ancestors from their homeland to the shores of Guyana. Education Minister Priya Manickchand related that our ancestors, despite where they came from or the hardships they faced when they arrived, withstood difficulties to stay and build a better life for all.

Multiple dance groups staged epic performances.
“(Government is) building a better Guyana day by day so that you could thrive here, whether you live in Region One or Region Six, whether you are Christian or Hindu or Muslim, whether you are Guyanese of African descent or Amerindian descent or Indian descent, or Chinese descent or Portuguese descent or European descent, or whether you mixed up with all. We are here to build a country for all of you.”

The minister told learners that they have one thing to do and that is to participate in this building. We owe it to our ancestors to keep building the Guyana they worked hard to make home. They must use their devices to spread good information, love, unity and to ensure that our ancestors can be proud of Guyana today.

As she sought to encourage the learners, she told them that they are bright, young children aiming to grow up in a land full of love, unity and togetherness; one that thrives, and where the government is committed to giving each of them equal opportunities. The Arrival Day Village will be seen more in the coming years.

“To all parents, this village is made up of the Social Studies content required for your children’s learning, for them to be successful at various exams, including the NGSA and CXC Social Studies and History, and so I encourage you to bring your children to this village over the next two days.”

Deputy Chief Education Officer- Technical (DCEO-T), Dr. Ritesh Tularam said this Arrival Day activity brings the MoE’s curriculum to life, providing learners in Grades Four, Five, Six and Seven, with the opportunity to interact with the material and to experience what life was like for our ancestors.

Students will see firsthand how our ancestors contributed to our society and by extension, Guyana’s development. For Grade Five pupils the knowledge gained from the two-day event will greatly boost their preparedness for the National Grade Five Annual Assessment and the National Grade Six Assessment.

“Our learners are encouraged to ask as much questions as possible and to take away the rich, thick, descriptive experience, and in so doing, they will appreciate that Guyana was not built by one particular ethnic group but rather all the people that make up our beautiful land, one Guyana.”

Acknowledging the idea behind the creation of the village, the DCEO-T said Arrival Day is a day that we celebrate the diverse culture of all the people who came or were brought to our land.

“Each group of ancestors made considerable contributions to our nation’s development. History tells us that our ancestors came in search of food and warmer weather or as colonisers. Some were brought forcibly to work in the sugar plantations , while others came to work as indentured labourers.”

 

 

 

 

Energy usage and GDP per capita

2025, 05/13

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country is the market value of all the final goods and services produced within a country’s borders. For the most part, it is one of the most widely used indicators to measure the size and the performance of a country’s economy. GDP per capita simply divides the GDP by the size of the population. It is a measure of a country’s economic output per person and serves as an indicator of the average standard of living and economic well-being of each person. In this instance, the data is adjusted for purchasing power parity.

Energy use refers to the use of primary energy before transformation to other end-use fuels, which is equal to indigenous production plus imports and stock changes. The relationship between GDP per capita and energy use is generally positive, meaning that countries with higher GDP per capita tend to use more energy per person. This is because greater economic activity and affluence typically lead to increased consumption of goods and services, which require energy for their production, transportation, and use.

There are no rich countries that use relatively low amounts of energy and there are no countries using high amounts of energy that are not relatively rich.

Mapping the two against each other indicates how efficiently a country uses energy to generate economic output: countries above the trend use higher amounts than average to generate economic output; those below use relatively lower amounts of energy to generate wealth.

T&T and Guyana are two outliers from the trend. T&T has traditionally been one of the highest income countries in the Caricom. But it also consumes the most energy, consuming roughly 10 times as much energy as the regional average. This is largely due to heavy industry in the oil and gas sector, along with the petrochemical sector, iron and steel and cement sectors. Also, low electricity costs lead to high demand from commercial and domestic users.

Guyana on the other hand has ramped up production of its oil and gas and has begun earning significant revenue which contributes to stellar GDP growth. Guyana’s relatively small population size means their GDP per capita will also grow significantly, and it is now the largest in the region. This GDP growth has been driven by the production and export of oil offshore rather than the development of energy consuming industries onshore, hence the high levels of GDP per capita with still relatively low levels of energy consumption in the overall economy. As the economy grows and new industries are created, the expectation is that Guyana’s primary energy consumption will also increase rapidly.

Energy efficiency will be a major topic of discussion at the Energy Chamber’s Caribbean Sustainable Energy Conference on June 2 to 4, 2025.

 

 

 

 

Further collaborations to enhance security architecture imminent

March 13, 2025

Areas of collaboration and support within Guyana’s security structure were the focus of a meeting between President Dr. Irfaan Ali and General Randall Reed of USTRANSCOM

President Dr. Irfaan Ali met General Randall Reed, the 15th Commander of the U.S. Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM), to discuss areas of collaboration and support within Guyana’s security architecture. President Ali updated General Reed on the country’s development and security landscape, highlighting key priorities and potential avenues for deeper cooperation. The engagement underscored the strengthening of ties between the two nations in matters of security and development.

Wednesday’s meeting aligns with Guyana’s ongoing efforts to modernise its defence capabilities. In the last four years, the Government invested over $155 billion to ensure that the Guyana Defence Force (GDF) is equipped with advanced training and that the defence infrastructure is capable, adaptable and flexible to meet every requirement of future development.

Engaging with ranks of the GDF recently, President Ali noted that the government is going to invest in new technologies, training, and education to prepare the armed forces for future threats, such as cyber-attacks, and to improve intelligence gathering, border security, and defence infrastructure. With these newer technologies, new forms of training will be needed. To this end, the government will ensure that ranks are equipped with the necessary training.

“It will require additional education. It will require re-strategising, as we implement new technologies to support your work, as we build partnership with many different countries, you will be exposed to greater training, to greater opportunities, and importantly, to greater technology that will allow us to optimise our human asset.”

President Ali announced that the GDF will soon initiate tenders for the construction of a new defence headquarters, boasting comprehensive design with modern infrastructure.

During that engagement, the Head-of-State had keenly pointed out the government’s commitment to national security and development through significant investments in military training and infrastructure. These investments reflect the government’s commitment to building resilient and robust military infrastructure.

The Head of State is attending the CERAWeek by S&P Global conference in Houston, Texas.